Transformer substations are the key element of any electrical power system, and these are the heart of the transmission network. It can mainly be classified into four sections such as Step up substation, Primary grid substation, secondary substation and distribution substation. You can find out more about this classification in bellow.
The transformer of the power system is designed to a changing voltage level and since transformers are the key element of this kind of grid substation where known as transformer substations.
The transformer substation is also can be able to classify a follows.
- Step up substation
- Primary grid substation
- Secondary substation
- Distribution Substation
For better understanding, the above types of transformer substations were described further as follows.
Step Up Transformer substations:
These type of substations can see in power stations, and the main purpose of this kind of substations are increased the voltage level.
So the power generation voltage 11 kV increases up to 220 kV or 132 kV to matched with the transmission network.
Normally step-up substations are the outdoor type, and it locates inside or near the generating plant premises.
Step up means increasing so in this type of transformers the voltage is increased for the benefit of reducing the losses at long transmission lines.
Most of the step-up transformers were located near the generation station and it assists to deliver the supply and transmission.
Primary Grid Substation:
The primary substation is the heart of the transmission network in her the voltage increase by 220 kV from substation step down or reduced to 66 kV ( These voltage levels can change country to country and different service provider too).
220 kV three-phase power transmission than three wire come across with transmission tower, and most of the primary gird substations were the outdoor types.
Primary Substation is located all over the country by connecting the transmission network.
The main purpose of the transformers located in primary Grid Substation is to distribute the electricity supply on over that peticlura region.
Secondary Substation:
Most of the secondary substations were located in the strategic area of the city limits.
In this secondary substation what happens is the 33 kV power which transmits form primary substation further step down to 11 kV, so this voltage level can effectively distribute on other areas.
Some times large industrial companies, high rise buildings get the kind of supply feeders directly because of huge power demand.
Most of the secondary type substations are fall into the indoor type category.
Normally electrical supply for secondary substations transformers come from Grid substation and it deliver supply to distribution substations.
Distribution Substation:
Most of the distribution substations were located near to consumer ends.
In this type of transformers, the 11 kV power is step down to 400 V, three-phase, four-wire power supply to the consumers.
The voltage between phase to phase is 400 V, and the voltage between phase to neutral is 230 V.
The majority of a distribution transformer is fallen into the outdoor category, and most of these transfers were pole mounted.
So the arrangement or classifications of the transformers substation are mainly because of its voltage levels.
Apart from the step-up substation, almost all substation reduces the transmission voltage was a star to 220 kV to 230 V or 400V
We have focused transmission substation various requirements such as conductors, towers, different types of equipment which use for various voltage levels.
So the generation station to the load centers is through the tower conductors, insulators, different components play an important role.
So from the transmission to distribution substation are the transmission is done, and from the distribution locally the high voltage substations are formed the next important role of stepping up or stepping down the voltage to transmission to distribution. This forms an important part of the transmission and distribution network.
Conclusion:
So by reading this article, you can understand the types of transformer substations which use in the electrical industry. Here the transformers can mainly be classified in to step up and step down transformers. Especially step-up transformers are used near to generation stations to increase voltage levels for complying with transmission networks. Then most of the step-down transformers are used for transmission and distribution networks. In transmission network primary substations (Grid Substation) are useful and for distribution network secondary substations and distribution, substations are used.
